Microsoft disclosed **CVE-2025-59499**, a critical **SQL injection vulnerability** in **SQL Server** that enables authenticated attackers to escalate privileges remotely over a network. The flaw (CWE-89) arises from improper neutralization of SQL commands, risking unauthorized administrative access to enterprise databases. With a **CVSS 3.1 score of 7.7–8.8**, it poses a high-risk threat due to its **network-based attack vector**, low exploitation complexity, and lack of user interaction requirements. Successful exploitation could lead to **data manipulation, exfiltration, or deletion**, compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although Microsoft assesses exploitation as *‘Less Likely’* currently, the vulnerability’s **high-impact potential**—coupled with its appeal to insider threats or credential-compromised actors—demands urgent patching. Organizations handling **sensitive or critical data** in SQL Server environments are particularly exposed. The absence of public PoC exploits or confirmed wild attacks does not mitigate the risk, as sophisticated adversaries may weaponize it once technical details emerge. Microsoft advises **immediate patching**, access control reviews, and monitoring for suspicious privilege escalation attempts to prevent database takeovers.
Source: https://gbhackers.com/microsoft-sql-server/
TPRM report: https://www.rankiteo.com/company/microsoft
"id": "mic0932309111225",
"linkid": "microsoft",
"type": "Vulnerability",
"date": "5/2025",
"severity": "85",
"impact": "4",
"explanation": "Attack with significant impact with customers data leaks"{'affected_entities': [{'industry': 'Technology',
'location': 'Global',
'name': 'Microsoft (SQL Server users)',
'type': 'Corporation'}],
'attack_vector': 'Network-based (Remote)',
'customer_advisories': ['Organizations running SQL Server in production '
'environments advised to patch urgently',
'Security teams and database administrators urged to '
'coordinate patch deployment'],
'data_breach': {'data_exfiltration': 'Potential (if exploited)'},
'date_publicly_disclosed': '2025-11-11',
'description': 'Microsoft has disclosed a critical SQL injection '
'vulnerability in SQL Server (CVE-2025-59499) that could allow '
'authenticated attackers to escalate their privileges over a '
'network. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization '
'of special elements in SQL commands, exposing enterprise '
'databases to potential unauthorized administrative access. It '
'has been classified under CWE-89, with a CVSS 3.1 score '
'ranging from 7.7 to 8.8, indicating a significant security '
'risk. The network-based attack vector allows remote '
'exploitation by attackers with valid SQL Server credentials, '
'enabling manipulation, exfiltration, or deletion of sensitive '
'data with elevated privileges.',
'impact': {'operational_impact': 'Potential complete compromise of affected '
'databases (manipulation, exfiltration, or '
'deletion of sensitive data)',
'systems_affected': ['Microsoft SQL Server (versions not '
'specified)']},
'investigation_status': 'Disclosed; no confirmed reports of active '
'exploitation in the wild (as of 2025-11-11)',
'lessons_learned': ['Importance of maintaining robust database security '
'practices',
'Necessity of regular patching schedules for critical '
'systems',
'Value of access control reviews and continuous '
'monitoring of database activity',
'Urgency in addressing network-accessible vulnerabilities '
'with high impact potential'],
'post_incident_analysis': {'corrective_actions': ['Microsoft-issued patch for '
'affected SQL Server '
'versions',
'Reinforced guidance on '
'access control and '
'monitoring best practices'],
'root_causes': ['Improper neutralization of '
'special elements in SQL commands '
'(CWE-89)',
'Improper input validation in SQL '
'Server query processing engine']},
'recommendations': ['Prioritize patching affected SQL Server instances during '
'scheduled maintenance windows',
'Review and implement principle-of-least-privilege '
'policies for database access',
'Monitor SQL Server logs for suspicious query patterns '
'and privilege escalation attempts',
'Coordinate between security teams and database '
'administrators for timely updates',
'Treat this vulnerability with urgency in systems '
'handling sensitive or critical data'],
'references': [{'source': 'Microsoft Security Advisory (CVE-2025-59499)'},
{'source': 'GBHackers (GBH)'}],
'response': {'communication_strategy': ['Public disclosure via Microsoft '
'advisory',
'Recommendations for urgent patching '
'and access control reviews'],
'enhanced_monitoring': ['SQL Server logs for suspicious '
'activity'],
'remediation_measures': ['Patch affected SQL Server instances',
'Review and enforce '
'principle-of-least-privilege access '
'controls',
'Monitor SQL Server logs for suspicious '
'query patterns and privilege '
'escalation attempts']},
'title': 'Critical SQL Injection Vulnerability in Microsoft SQL Server '
'(CVE-2025-59499)',
'type': ['Vulnerability', 'Privilege Escalation', 'SQL Injection'],
'vulnerability_exploited': {'complexity': 'Low',
'cve_id': 'CVE-2025-59499',
'cvss_score': '7.7 - 8.8 (CVSS 3.1)',
'cvss_vector': 'AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H',
'cwe_id': 'CWE-89',
'exploitability_assessment': 'Less Likely (as of '
'disclosure)',
'impact': {'availability': 'High',
'confidentiality': 'High',
'integrity': 'High'},
'severity': 'Important'}}